Treatment of heart disease

Treatment :Heart disease treatments vary bycondition. For instance, if you have a heart infection, you’ll likely be givenantibiotics. In general, treatment for heart disease usuallyincludes:

• Lifestyle changes. These include eatinga low-fat and low-sodium diet, getting at least 30 minutes of moderateexercise on most days of the week, quitting smoking, and limiting alcoholintake.
• Medications. If lifestyle changesalone aren’t enough, your doctor may prescribe medications to control yourheart disease. The type of medication will depend on the type of heartdisease.
• Medicalprocedures or surgery. If medications aren’t enough, it’s possibleyour doctor will recommend specific procedures or surgery. The type ofprocedure will depend on the type of heart disease and the extent of thedamage to your heart.

Common treatments:

Hereare some common treatments for different types of cardiovascular disease:

Heart Valve Problems

• Medications
• Heartvalve surgery
  
  

Arrhythmia

• Medications
• Pacemaker
  
  

Medications— clot-busters (should beadministered as soon as possible for certain types of heart attacks)

• Coronary angioplasty
• Coronaryartery bypass graft surgery
  
  

Stroke

• Medications–clot-busters (must be administered within three hours from onset of strokesymptoms for certain types of strokes)
• Carotidendarterectomy

What are the cardiovascular diseases?

Arrhythmia: Arrhythmiarefers to abnormal heart rhythm. There are various types of arrhythmias.The heart can beat too slow, too fast or irregularly. Bradycardia, or a heart rate that’s too slow, is when the heart rate isless than 60 beats per minute.Tachycardia, or a heart rate that’s toofast, refers to a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

An arrhythmia can affect how well your heart works. With an irregularheartbeat, your heart may not be able to pump enough blood to meet your body’sneeds.Heart surgery in Iran

Heart valve problems: When heart valves don’t open enough to allow the blood to flow through as itshould, a condition called stenosis results. When the heart valves don’t closeproperly and thus allow blood to leak through, it’s called regurgitation. Ifthe valve leaflets bulge or prolapse back into the upper chamber, it’s acondition called prolapse. Discover more about theroles your heart valvesplay in healthy circulation.

What Is Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

Many people hear the term "acute coronarysyndrome” related to heart attack. But just what is it? Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) is a life-threatening form of coronaryheart disease (CHD) that occurs when the heart muscledoes not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. ACS includes myocardial infarction(MI), also known as a heart attack, and unstable angina, or sudden, severechest pain that typically occurs when a person is at rest.

Every year, ACS affects an estimated 1.4 million people in the UnitedStates and another 1.4 million people in Europe. Even though patients receiveintense ACS management while in the hospital, new treatments are needed to reduce the risk of acute heart attack, stroke, andcardiovascular death. ACS patients receive anticoagulant drugs but thistreatment is limited to the hospital.Heart surgery in Iran

Heartdisease treatment

Cardiovasculardisease can refer to a number of conditions:

Heart disease

Heartandbloodvesseldisease (alsocalledheart disease) includes numerous problems, many of which arerelated to a process calledatherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosisis a condition thatdevelops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries.This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through.If a blood clot forms, it can block the blood flow. This can cause a heartattack or stroke.Heart surgery in Iran

Heart attack

Aheart attackoccurswhen the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked by a blood clot. If thisclot cuts off the blood flow completely, the part of the heart muscle suppliedby that artery begins to die.

Most people survive their first heartattack and return to their normal lives, enjoying many more years of productiveactivity. But experiencing a heart attack does mean that you need to make somechanges.

Themedicationsandlifestyle changesthat your doctor recommends may varyaccording to how badly your heart was damaged, and to what degree of heartdisease caused the heart attack.Heart surgery in Iran

Heart failure

Cosmetic plastic surgery in Iran

Chemical peel: Chemicalpeelsmay helptreatacne, pock marks,scars, or wrinkles. A number of active agents may be used.

A light or superficial peel uses Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) such asglycolic, lactic, or fruit acids to treat the outermost layers of the skin. Thetreatment is not as deep as with some peels, so the recovery time is minimal.

A medium peel usually involves TCA (tri-chloroacetic acid) of variousconcentrations. It penetrates the dermis, or deep layer of the skin, to agreater depth than the light peels. The recovery and pain are more significantthan the lighter peels. Redness and flaking may persist for several days orweeks.

A deep peel, or phenolpeel, penetrates the skin to the deepest extent. As a result, it has thegreatest impacton resurfacing theskin, but it also has the longest recovery time, and it can causing scarringand skin lightening.

Chemical peels have beenshown to besafe and effectivefor both light anddarker skin types.

Vaginal rejuvenation: Labiaplasty,labioplasty, labia minor reduction, or labial reduction involves surgery of thelabia majora or labia minora of the vulva, a part of the female genitalia. Itaims to reduce elongated labia, usually as part of a vaginoplasty.

Cosmetic plastic surgery inIran : Iran is a country whereyou can find many plastic surgeons who are specialized in most fields ofplastic surgery. The Majority of Iranian plastic surgeons are the membersof"Iranian Society of Plastic Surgeons”, which is one of the oldest medical societies in the world established in1956. Moreover, most of them have also the memberships of other internationalmedical societies such as the"American Society of PlasticSurgeons”and The"International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery”(ISAPS).

The great proficiency of Iranian plastic surgeons is because of theirmany years of training and experience in different fields of plastic surgery.It includes maxillofacial surgery, body contouring surgery, lower body lift,reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgeries. Iranian plastic surgeons havecompleted specialized fellowships in plastic and reconstructive surgeries attop quality American, European and Iranian universities and hospitals.

If you are hoping to findthe best plastic surgeons, you should pay Iran a visit and look for them. Theplastic surgeons in Iran are the best and they operate plastic surgeries of alltypes such as a nose job in the prices that can be easily afforded. It must bementioned that the result of the surgeries will be amazing and satisfying.

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How to lookbeautiful

Tummy tuck(abdominoplasty):Abdominoplasty, morecommonly known as a ‘tummy tuck’, is used to improve the shape of the abdomen. Tummy tucks remove excess fat andskin and restore weakened or separated muscles in the abdomen in order toimprove the profile. Tummy tucks can improve the appearance of loose or saggingskin, but cannot remove stretch marks.

A tummy tuck is not a replacement for an exercise routine or eatingright for weightloss. The results of a tummy tuck arepermanent, but maintaining a proper weight is critical to maintain the results.

Fat injection(fat grafting):Fat injections and fatgraftinghave broadapplications in cosmetic surgery.

The patient’s own fat is collected from onepart of the body using liposuction, and it is injected into areas requiringvolume enhancement. It is usually applied to the face, including the lips, thehands, and depressions in skin contour.

The results are generally safe and longlasting, and it can have the additional benefit of removing fat from a placewhere it is not wanted. The fat is removed, washed, and purified and thencarefully re-injected with specially designed needles. Sometimes the procedureneeds to be repeated several times for best results.

Stem-cell enriched fat graftshavebeen trialed for reconstructive surgery, with promising results, suggestingthat the procedure is reliable, safe, and effective.

Botox injections :Botulinum toxin, orbotox, is the brand name of a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridiumbotulinum (C. botulinum), first approved by the FDA in the 1980s for musclespasm.

A range of cosmetic surgery procedures aimto improve appearance.

It is used to treat wrinkles and facial creases. It acts by blocking the signal from nerves to the muscles that areinjected. The injected muscle can no longer contract, or tighten, as forcefullyas before, and this leads to a controlled relaxation of the muscles.

It is approved for treatment of frown lines on the forehead, crow’sfeet, or lines around the eye, and axillaryhyperhydrosis, or increased sweating of thearmpits.

Apart from "botox,” several other brand names of botulinumtoxin are now commercially available.

Learn more aboutplastic surgery procedures

Ear surgery (otoplasty):Otoplasty, or earsurgery, treats prominent ormisshapen ears by surgically "pinning” the ear closer to the head with sutures,reshaping the cartilage, or both.

One or both ears may be treated. It is most commonly performed in children after of 5 or 6 years as theears have essentially reached adult size by that age.

Lip filler injections (facial rejuvenation): Lip augmentation aims to give the patientfuller-looking lips. Usually, injectable dermal fillers are used to increaselip volume, shape, or structure.

Lip augmentation is not permanent. The effects tend to last around 6months to 1 year before a second procedure is necessary to restore shape andvolume.

Liposuction (lipoplasty):Liposuction is acosmetic procedure that improves the shape of the body by removing fatdeposits. This procedure is not intended for weight loss.

Localized fat deposits are removed directlybeneath the skin by using a vacuum-suction canula, a pen-shaped instrument.Ultrasound may also be used to break up fat deposits prior to removal withsuction.

Liposuction can be performed on the arms, thighs, stomach, hips, face,buttocks, and back. Liposuction can also remove fat tumors (lipomas) as well asreduce the size of breasts in men. This procedure can be used on more than onearea in a single day.

The most famousplastic surgery procedures

Rhinoplasty (Nose job):

Rhinoplasty refers to any surgerythat repairs or reshapes the nose. Some people opt for rhinoplasty for cosmeticreasons. Others may have a medical reason, such asdifficulty breathing or birth defects.

Rhinoplastycan be used to:

• Increase or reduce thesize of the nose
• Correct problemsfollowing an injury
• Correct birth defects
• Relieve or improvebreathing problems
• Narrow the shape of thenostrils
• Change the shape of thebridge
• Change theangle of the nose

Hair transplantation:

Hair transplantation surgery, also known ashair restoration, is performed to improve the appearance of baldness. In this procedure, hair is moved froman area of thick growth to a bald area.

In a single session, morethan a thousand hairs may be moved. Some people may require more than onesession. The hairs which are moved are permanent, which means that no long-termcare is necessary. Most hair transplants result in successful hair growth afterthe procedure.

Buttocklift or lower body lift:

Buttockaugmentationenhances the appearance of the buttocks by making themlarger. The surgeon will either graft fat from another part of the patient’sbody using liposuction. This is known as the "Brazilian Butt lift.” Siliconeimplants may also occasionally be used in the buttocks.

Abuttock lift, orlower body liftinvolves removing excess skin from the hips, buttocks, andthighs in order to tighten and lift them. These procedures are often combinedwith abdominoplasty in patients who have lost a considerable amount of weightafter bariatric, or weight loss, surgery, for example.

Plastic Surgery in Iran

Chin, cheek,or jaw reshaping (facial implants or soft tissue augmentation): Chin augmentationaims tomake the chin more prominent and provide a better balance of facialfeatures. It may be done at the same time as rhinoplasty,depending on the measurements taken before surgery. It can be performed witheither a prosthetic implant or through manipulation of the chin bone.

Malar, or cheek,augmentationcan make the cheekbones more prominent. The surgeon may place an implant atthe top of the cheekbones.

Dermabrasion: Dermabrasion uses a specialized tool that gently ‘sands’down the top layer of skin. Once the top layer of skin has been removed, thearea heals and new skin replaces the old. The end result is smoother-lookingskin.

Dermabrasion is usuallyused for:

• Acne scars
• Age spots
• Crow’s feet
• Growths orlesions on the skin
• Sun-damaged skin
• Wrinkles

Eyelid lift (blepharoplasty): Blepharoplasty, oreyelid surgery, aims to reshape the eyelids. With age, the skin becomes lax,and there may be drooping or hooding of the upper lids, and bags on the lowerlids. Eyelid surgery may be functional, cosmetic, or both. It usually involvesremoving or repositioning excess skin and fat, and the procedure may reinforcesurrounding muscles and tendons.

Surgery can change theshape of the face or tighten the skin.

Facelift(rhytidectomy): Rhytidectomy,also known as afacelift, aimsto surgically remove wrinkles and tighten facial skin in order to achieve amore youthful appearance.

Typically,the incision is placed in front of and behind the ears, extending into thehairline in the temple area. The skin is lifted off the deeper facial tissue,redraped more tightly, and the excess skin is removed. The incisions are thenclosed with sutures.

Thedeeper tissues of the face and neck may also be tightened. Blepharoplasty, oreyelid surgery may be done at the same time.

Faceliftsrepair sagging, loose, drooping, or wrinkled skin on the face. During thisprocedure, facial tissues are lifted, excess skin removed, and skin replacedover repositioned contours. Neck lifts are commonly done in conjunction withfacelifts.

Other procedures commonlydone along with facelifts include nose reshaping, forehead lifts, or eyelidsurgery.

plasticsurgery procedures

Accordingto the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the most common cosmetic procedures (invasive and minimally-invasive)are listed here by their common or descriptive names. The medical term for the procedure is in parentheses:

Breast augmentation orenlargement (augmentation mammoplasty):

Breastaugmentation refers to procedures which increase the size or change the shapeof the breasts. When the size of the breast is increased, the procedure mayalso be called ‘breast implant surgery’. Breast augmentation is not the same asbreast lifts or breast reduction, which are actually different types of procedures.

Breastlift (mastopexy) with or without the placement of an implant:

Mastopexy,or a breast lift, involves removing skin and glandular tissue to make thebreasts smaller and rearranging the remaining tissue to make the breast appearlifted.

Dependingon how much volume a patient has lost or desires, mastopexy can be combinedwith an implant. While it is similar to a breast reduction, which removes amuch greater amount of tissue, mastopexy is not usually covered by majorinsurance carriers as it is not deemed medically necessary.